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International generic name
Pethidine
Drug form and composition
Solution for injection. One ampoule of 2 ml (2%) contains 100 mg (50 mg/ml) Pethidine
hydrochloride.
Indications
The preparation is used in patients with severe pain in malignant diseases, large
traumatic injuries, surgery, acute spasm of the smooth muscle organs, as well as
before surgery.
Dosage and administration
The preparation is applied parenterally - intramuscularly, subcutaneous or intravenously.
The intramuscularly application is advisable; subcutaneous injection leads to local
irritation and pain. As an analgesic medicine in adults Lydol is used intramuscularly
or subcutaneous, 50-150 mg in 2-3-hours intervals if necessary. As an intravenous
infusion the preparation (advisable by infusion pump) is used in dose 15-35 mg per
hour. Preoperatively it is administered intramuscularly in dose 50-100 mg, 30-90
minutes before the anesthesia. Lydol could be applied intravenously also in the
same dose, diluted in ration 1mg Lydol per milliliter solution. In children, as
an analgesic preparation, Lydol is applied in dose 1.1-1.76 mg per kg body weight,
but up to 100 mg every 3-4 hours, if necessary. Preoperatively the preparation is
used in dose 1-2.2 mg per kg body weight, but the dose should not exceed 100 mg,
given 30-90 minutes before the anesthesia.
Contraindications
The preparation should not be used in hypersensitivity; acute respiratory insufficiency
or depression; severe neural system depression; chronic heart failure and rhythm
disorders; chronic pulmonary diseases; increased intracranial pressure; severe cranial
injuries; brain neoplasm; alcohol delirium; convulsions; diarrhea in pseudomembranous
colitis; acute abdomen; asthmatic attack; pregnancy and lactation. Lydol should
not be used in drivers and machinery operating persons.
Special warnings and precautions
Lydol should be used with care in following conditions: mental disorders, accompanied
with suicide thoughts; following gastrointestinal surgery; liver dysfunction; hypothyroidism;
inflammatory intestinal diseases; prostatic gland hypertrophy or urinary tract obstruction;
following urinary tract surgery; renal dysfunction and reduced respiratory reserve.
The preparation should be applied with exceptional care on elderly patients or patients
with mental retardation, as well as on children younger than 2 years. In long-term
treatment Lydol leads to mental and physical dependence. The drug should not be
used simultaneously with alcohol.
Drug interactions
Lydol potentiates the action of the anticholinergic medicines, glycocorticsteroids
and antidepressants. It increases the central depressive action of the barbiturate
and phenothiazine derivatives.
Adverse reactions
Headache, dizziness, collapse; xerostomia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
constipation; bronchial spasm; oliguria; urine retention, and glycosuria; allergy
rash.
Pharmacological mechanisms
Lydol, being a synthetic phenylpiperidine derivative, belongs to the group of
narcotic analgesics. It possesses a prominent analgesic effect, which is shorter
and weaker compared with morphine, but occurs more quickly. It exerts a spasmolytic
effect, realized by direct myotrope and cholinolytic activity. Its analgesic effect
is due to an activation of the opioid receptors in CNS, which leads to inhibition
of the enzyme adenylatcyclase, potassium channel opening and inhibiting of the calcium
influx. In long-term administration it leads to accustoming and addiction, due to
the euphoric effect on the patient.
Supplied
10 or 50 ampoules of 2 ml (100 mg).
Expiry
5 years
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